1Traditionally, school children are taught that there are two main types of elephants: the African and the Asian. 2However, African elephants can actually be classifiedinto bush elephants and forest elephants. 3African elephants prefer to be near water, but they can also live in forests, deserts, and savannahs. 4Male bush elephants are the world’s largest land animals, while the forest elephants are about half as big. 5Because of their size, other animals tendtokeeptheirdistancefrom elephants, while predators such as lions and hyenas usually target only the young. 6Even though they are generallysafe from being attacked by other animals, African elephants are increasingly being driven from their traditionalareas because people want to develop the land for farming. 7Perhaps the biggest threat to the survival of African elephants comes from illegal ivory traders who pay hunters to kill these magnificent animals for their tusks.
1Developments in computer technology presentopportunities for changing how teachers teach and students learn.2For example, the Internet provides students with access to far more information than any textbook could ever offer. 3New software applications can allow students to learn through playing games, making videos, and creating multimedia projects. 4Furthermore, the use of tablet computers or smartphones can encourage students to cooperate on such projects from the comfort of their own classroom. 5However, there is no guarantee that advances in technology will improve learning. 6For example, research done on introducing the Internet to public schools in California indicated there was no improvement in learning. 7Similarly, research conducted throughout North Carolina actually showed a slight decrease in students’ math and reading scores. 8Why has the full potential of computers in education not been realized? 9Education specialists say that computer technology can improve learning only if students already know the basics of a subject, and if teachers are trained in the use of computers and understand how to integrate them into lessons. 10If these two things can be done, then the use of computers in the classroom can achieve its full potential.
1Few people know the word dondurma, but many people may know it as Turkish ice cream.2Dondurma is unsusual because although it looks and tastes like ice cream, it can be stretched and chewed like bubble gum. 3In the same way as regular ice cream, it is made of milk and sugar, but unlike normal ice cream, it containssalep, a special flour made from a wild flower found in Turkey, and mastic, a sticky, gum-like material. 4These two materials also give dondurma another unique feature: it does not melt easily. 5In Turkey, dondurma is commonlyserved in ice cream cones and is sold from both street carts and store fronts. 6Outside of Turkey, dondurma is sold in stores in more than 100 countries. 7However, the increasing popularity of dondurma has led to a shortage in the supply of salep flour.8In response to this, other ingredients are being used in place of salep, ensuring that people all over the world can continue to enjoy this unusual dessert.
[問題1] 2017外国語学部(英米学科)・総合政策学部 ( )内に入れるのに最も適当なものを、 (A)~(D)のうちから一つ選びなさい。 ( ) you get enough sleep this evening, you won’t have enough energy to go mountain climbing with us tomorrow morning. (A) Except (B) Without (C) Unless (D) Besides
問題1【解答】(B) Unless (訳)もし今夜、十分な睡眠を取らなければ、明日の朝、山登りに必要な体力には足りないだろう。 [解説] 選択肢から『前置詞vs接続詞vs副詞』のパターンであることが一目瞭然ですから、空欄の語が文中の、どの要素をつないでいるかに着目します。 空欄のあとにはyou get enough sleep this eveningという節が続いているので、( )には接続詞が入ることが分かります。 選択肢の中で接続詞の働きを持つものは(A)Except (that)(~ということを除いて)と(B)Unless(~でない限り)ですが、後半の文意から、主節の内容を否定する唯一の条件を示す働きをする(B)Unlessが適切です。
[問題2] 2017外国語学部(フランス学科、アジア学科)・経済学部 ( )内に入れるのに最も適当なものを、 (A)~(D)のうちから一つ選びなさい。 Please make sure that your phone is switched off ( ) the concert. (A) during (B) while (C) along (D) through
問題2【解答】(A) during (訳)コンサートの間は必ず携帯電話の電源を切っておいてください。 [解説] 選択肢に並んでいるのは前置詞と接続詞ですので、まずは空欄に入るべき語が何と何をつないでいるかを判断します。 空欄に続くのはthe concertという名詞ですので節をつなぐ接続詞(B)whileは正解候補から除外されます。残った選択肢の中から文の意味に合うのは(A)during「(特定の期間)の間じゅう(ずっと)」と(D)through「ある(特定の)期間の始めから終わりまで」の2つですが、throughには「期間中ずっとし続ける」というニュアンスが強いので、(A)duringが最適です。 [語句] make sure that節「必ず~するように手配する/~を確かめる」
[問題3] 2017人文学部(心理人間学科、日本文化学科)・理工学部 ( )内に入れるのに最も適当なものを、 (A)~(D)のうちから一つ選びなさい。 John and Naomi sat together on the beach ( ) watching the beautiful sunset. (A) while (B) during (C) as (D) with
問題3【解答】(A) while (訳)ジョンとナオミは美しい夕焼けを見ている間、一緒にベンチに座っていた。 [解説] 選択肢に前置詞(during, as, with)/接続詞(while, as)/副詞(as)が並ぶパターンです。この場合は空欄の語が何と何をつなぐ働きをしているかを考えます。 空欄のあとは分詞構文(they were) watching the beautiful sunset(美しい夕焼けを見ながら)という節になっているので、節をつなぐ働きをする接続詞である(A)whileが正解になります。
[問題4] 2018外国語学部(フランス学科、アジア学科)・経済学部 ( )内に入れるのに最も適当なものを、 (A)~(D)のうちから一つ選びなさい。 It’s been about five years ( ) Ken last returned to his home town. (A) from (B) since (C) before (D) while
問題4【解答】(B) since (訳)ケンが最後に故郷へ戻ってから、およそ5年が経つ。 [解説] 選択肢の品詞を分類すると、(A)from[前置詞]、(B)since[前置詞/接続詞/副詞]、(C)before[前置詞/接続詞/副詞]、(D)while[接続詞]ですから、まずは空欄に入る語が英文中のどんな要素をつないでいるかに着目します。 空欄の語は主語(Ken)と動詞(returned)を含む後半の節と、前半の節(It’s been about five years)をつないでいるので、( )には節をつなぐ働きをする接続詞が入ると推測できます。接続詞の用法をもつ選択肢は(B)since、(C)before、(D)whileの3つがありますが、文意から(B)since(~して以来)が正解になります。
[問題5] 2018人文学部・外国語学部・経済学部 ( )内に入れるのに最も適当なものを、 (A)~(D)のうちから一つ選びなさい。 I bought plastic cups for the party, so they won’t break ( ) the children drop them. (A) though (B) despite (C) even if (D) yet
問題5【解答】(C) even if (訳)パーティー用にプラスチックのコップを買ったので、子供が落としても割れません。 [解説] 選択肢には前置詞[(B)despite]、接続詞[(A)though/(C)even if/(D)yet]、副詞[(D)yet]が並んでいますが、空欄の語はあとに続く節(the children drop them)をつなぐ働きをしているので、接続詞が入ると推測できます。thoughとeven ifは共に譲歩の意味を表しますが、文意から「たとえ~でも」という「仮定+譲歩」の意味をもつ(C)even ifが正解になります。 [語句] even if ~「たとえ~でも」